How long is a typical postdoc contract in Europe?+
Postdoctoral contracts in Europe typically last 1–3 years, often with the possibility of one renewal. Some countries limit the total duration of fixed-term academic contracts (e.g., Germany's WissZeitVG limits pre-tenure fixed-term employment to 6 years post-PhD), which indirectly affects how long one can hold postdoc positions.
What is expected of a postdoc?+
Postdocs are expected to conduct independent research, publish in high-impact journals, present at international conferences, and increasingly to apply for independent grants. Many postdocs also co-supervise PhD students and contribute to teaching, though the balance varies by institution and position.
What is the typical PhD salary in Switzerland?+
PhD students in Switzerland are employed researchers, typically earning CHF 47,000–50,000 per year at ETH/EPFL and cantonal universities. Salaries vary slightly by canton and institution but are among the highest in the world for doctoral researchers.
Do I need to speak German to work in academia in Switzerland?+
English is the working language in most STEM departments at Swiss universities. German, French or Italian may be expected for teaching or administrative roles depending on the linguistic region. ETH Zurich and EPFL operate largely in English.